尼泊尔执政党签署协议结束政治僵局
新华网加德满都１２月２４日电（记者陈乔炎）尼泊尔执政的七党联盟领导人在２３日深夜结束的会议上签署了２３点协议，从而结束了持续数月的政治僵局，为顺利举行拟议中的制宪会议选举铺平了道路。
根据协议，９月１８日宣布退出临时政府的尼泊尔共产党（毛主义）立即重新加入内阁。
协议决定废除君主制，在临时宪法中规定“民主共和”的内容，但上述决定最终需经制宪会议选举后的第一次全体会议批准后方能生效。在此之前，由首相代理国家元首，处理国家事务。
协议还规定，制宪会议选举最迟将于明年４月中旬举行，制宪会议代表席位为６０１席，其中３３５席由比例代表制选举产生，２４０席通过直接选举产生，２６席由首相任命。
由于尼泊尔执政的七党联盟１０月４日未能就尼泊尔共产党（毛主义）提出的选举方案达成共识，原定于１１月２２日举行的制宪会议选举被迫推迟。
去年１１月，尼泊尔七党联盟与尼共（毛主义）签署和平协定，结束近１１年的内战。根据和平协定，尼泊尔将举行制宪会议选举，由制宪会议首次大会决定国家未来政体。今年４月，尼共（毛主义）以合法政党身份进入临时政府。由于有关建立共和、实行新选举制度的要求未能得到满足，尼共（毛主义）所有大臣今年９月集体退出临时政府.
[ 本帖最后由 angbayan 于 2007-12-24 23:04 编辑 ]
短评：最终还是达成了协议。字面上承诺了废除君主制（但还是要经立宪会议第一次会议批准，与原有和平协议实质差别不大），比例代表制只占立宪会议代表选举的五成多。协议中，还包括政府救助人民战争烈属、寻找失踪人员、改善人民解放军待遇，着手人民解放军与政府军的合并工作（无非是和平协议中的内容重申一下，可是过去这些没有做到，又怎么保证将来能做到呢？），协议还规定尼共毛“一个月内归还所有夺取的财产”、“停止强制筹款”等。
尼共毛从这个协议中得到了什么呢？原来的政治要求（立刻实现共和与全比例代表制）虽然有所进展，但还远未实现，可就这样妥协了。得到了成立各党共同委员会一起运行政府的承诺，可能还得到了内阁中更好的席位。但是新民主主义革命有什么实质性的进展呢？尼共毛就把全部希望寄托在明年的立宪会议上吗？如果它真的把群众在人民战争中的胜利果实又“归还”给原主，那它怎么还能保证群众的选票呢?如果立宪会议选举中不能取得多数，那它又准备怎么办呢？是准备就此做一个资产阶级共和国内的在野党吗？如果这样的话，10年人民战争又是为了啥？烈士的鲜血难道只是为了尼共毛领导人成为资产阶级政客吗？
还是那句话，如果总是不肯突破资产阶级的游戏规则，梦想着和资产阶级共存共荣，那尼泊尔革命的前途危矣！、
[ 本帖最后由 rednepal 于 2007-12-24 21:07 编辑 ]
23-point agreement reached, Maoists to rejoin govt
Kantipur Report
KATHMANDU, Dec 23 - Top leaders of the governing Seven-Party Alliance finally agreed to proclaim Nepal a republic and enforce it through the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly to be elected within 15 weeks.
At the end of their seven-hour-long meeting held in the Prime Minister’s official residence, the parties struck a 23-point deal, agreeing to amend the interim constitution that will proclaim that Nepal will be a federal democratic republic after the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly
As per the agreement, the Prime Minister will perform all responsibilities of the head of state until the CA formally ends the country’s 240-year-old institution of the crown.
The parliament will be empowered through amendment in the constitution to end monarchy earlier if the king creates serious obstruction in the election process. A two-third majority of existing members in parliament will be required to take such a decision.
For this, the parties have decided to amend Sub-clauses 1, 2, 3, 3(A) and 3 (B) of Article 159 of the constitution. A cabinet meeting held late on Sunday passed a constitution amendment proposal and registered it at the Parliament Secretariat.
The parties agreed to hold the CA poll under mixed electoral system where 335 members or 55.74 percent of the 601-member assembly will be elected through proportional system while 39.9 or 240 members will be elected through first past the post system from 240 geographical constituencies. The remaining 4.32 percent or 26 members will be nominated by the prime minister. The nominations will also include members of minority groups who fail to elect any representative through both the systems.
“We, the party leaders, have taken these decisions keeping in view the national commitment to hold Constituent Assembly polls by this year end (end of Nepali year that is, mid-April 2008),” the top leaders jointly stated in the agreement paper.
The proclamation of republic and the electoral system had become major issues of dispute among the biggest parties in the governing alliance. The dispute led to deferral of the polls scheduled for November 22 and narrowly took the two-year-long peace process to the brink of collapse.
The Maoists who joined the coalition government on April 1, but quit it in September 18 following difference over proclamation of republic and electoral process agreed to join the government immediately.
In the agreement paper signed Sunday, the Maoists agreed to return all properties they seized from people during and after the insurgency within a month. A committee headed by Chief District Officer will be set up for implementing this agreement. The former rebels also agreed to stop collecting taxes and carrying out activities like extortion and intimidation.
The government will also release the pending amount for Maoist combatants in UN-monitored cantonments immediately and provide monthly allowance every month. Disqualified combatants will be sent home after paying their due allowance so far.
The government will take initiatives at the diplomatic level to releasing Maoists detained in foreign jails and the government will release all Maoists from jail by January 14.
A special cabinet committee will start discussion on integration of Maoist fighters. The government will take initiatives for acquiring national and international assistance to meet the financial liabilities required for reconstruction of damaged infrastructure and rehabilitation and relief for victims of the conflict.
The parties also agreed not to carry out any activity through their party and sister wings that could disrupt the polls. The parties will hold at least seven joint mass meetings to appeal to the people to take part in elections.
The parties agreed to form an all-party committee to coordinate government functioning. The parties will head it turn-by-turn. After a long dispute between Nepali Congress and Maoists, the parties finally agreed to give the committee only a coordinating task. Maoists were demanding that the committee be given power to steer government functions but NC leaders said it was against the constitution that has given the PM the power of head of state along with head of the government.
The parties agreed to set up commissions agreed earlier to systematize the peace process, within a month. The Commissions include Disappearance Commission, Truth and Reconciliation Commission and State Restructuring Commissions. A separate High-level Peace Commission will be formed to work in coordination with the Peace Ministry.
The parties also agreed to add new provisions in the constitution for appointment of parliament’s general secretary and fulfillment of the seats of parliament vacant due to death of members or other reasons.
NWPP puts eight-point reservation
Nepal Workers and Peasants party (NWPP) put an eight-point reservation to the agreement, demanding a socialist republic and multi-member proportional system of election.
It also demanded revival of local bodies elected in 1997, and proportional representation of peasants and workers in all state mechanisms, among others.
[ 本帖最后由 angbayan 于 2007-12-24 23:13 编辑 ]