电讯：来自尼泊尔人民战争的报导
第20部分：离别西部地区
李 奥内斯托
我们已在罗尔帕、鲁孔和Solyan 旅行了将近一个月，现在我们正在返回尼泊尔西部我们这次旅程开始的地方。今天我们穿过一些漂亮的梯状的田野，它比我们曾经历过的许多地方更加郁郁郁葱葱。大部分时间我们都在一个宽广的峡谷里步行，走路更加轻易——没那么多的上下攀登。沿路我们碰到了一块大石碑，为革命烈士而建的。它的外表已遭到警察的毁坏。
四周，一些村民前来欢迎我们，并带领我们去参观一间小棚屋，现在它已对村子的人们有了一些非凡的意义。警察不断来到村里骚扰人民。所以一些游击队员来了，在小棚屋外面的石凳下设置了炸弹。他们告诉村里的人们远离石凳。大约有一个月，每个人，甚至连小孩子都知道不要走近那间棚屋。
终于，一些警察来了，村民们屏住呼吸，等待他们坐在石凳上休息。人们本希望炸弹爆炸时那群混蛋警察都会给炸死。但令人失望的是，他们告诉我，当一名警察终于坐到石凳上时，只有两名警察在旁边。所以只有一个被炸死，另一个受了伤。但人们还是为这次对警察的攻击感到自豪，一些村民还在石凳前摆好姿式合影。
大清早我们到达了罗尔帕的一个村庄，在那儿组织了我们的最后一次群众大会。同志们在外面安排一块地方，墙上插着许多红色的旗帜。来自四周地区党的领导同志、干部和群众傍晚的时候开始在这儿集结。
当地的文化小组开始了演出。而当我看到一位年轻的舞蹈演员伴着音乐翩翩起舞时，不由得想起这几个星期以来，为我组织的所有“欢迎”和“送别”的文娱演出。我确信，同志们组织这些演出是不轻易的。
深入游击区，人们经常是在非常危险的环境下旅行——有时要在漆黑的夜里连续走上多个小时。这些都发生在选举时期。这是最紧张的时期，政府向这一地区派遣了数万名警察。
烈属们来向我讲述他们亲人惨遭敌人杀害的经历。他们希望全世界都知道敌人的这些暴行。刚刚从与敌人激战中归来的战士们急切地想让我把他们的成功故事写在笔记本上。党的领导同志也长时间地和我交谈，很细致地向我讲述发动毛主义人民战争意味着什么——他们深信这些消息将会取得其它国家人民的支持。
现在，在罗尔泊的最后一次文娱演出上，当轮到我向群众发表演说时，我再一次代表美国被压迫人民向他们传达了共同的无产阶级国际主义精神。
“我离家乡非常遥远。但我感到我好象又有了一个新家，在尼泊尔这儿，和这么多的好同志在一起。虽然我们生活和旅行在战争地区，有许多的危险，但和人民军队在一起，我感到非常安全。我不会讲尼泊尔语。但更重要的是，我们都讲一种共同的语言：马列毛主义。我们有实现一个更加美好世界的共同梦想。”
演出于晚上8：30结束，到了这个时候，所有的人都想进屋去，避一避阴暗严寒的夜气，吃一顿热气腾腾的晚餐。然后，我们一群人就坐在一起谈起话来。陪我一起旅行的同志们知道我在西部地区的旅程就要结束了，在我离开之前，他们有一长串问题想要向我提问。这些星期以来，采访了那么多的人们，今晚该轮到我回答他们的问题了。
同志们想知道美国的情况是什么样子。他们想知道那儿进行着怎么样的群众斗争，我为什么认为在这样一个强大的帝国主义国家进行革命是可能的。他们还想谈谈国际形势和世界革命的前景。同志们是那么深刻地熟悉到这场人民战争是世界革命斗争的一部分，这使我深受感动。
第二天早上，为我安排了依次数个小时的采访。
一位来谈话的同志来自罗尔帕地区指挥党委会（a leading area party committee），他向我讲述了人民群众是如何增强战胜敌人的信心和决心的经历。
“在第二次血洗行动时期，77名警察来到这个村子，埃家埃户地搜人。一名地区委员会成员和一名党员，他们是兄弟俩，遭到逮捕，被绑了起来。弟弟解开了手上的绳索，成功地跑开了，那个地方有许多警察，6名警察追上了他。哥哥被枪击中，重伤很重，但他还是逃掉了，藏在一个小小的洞穴里。警察整天都在寻找他，但还是没能发现他。党的干部知道那个洞穴，夜里，他们过来找到他，把他带到了安全的地方。警察封锁了两天所有的路口，搜遍了整个村庄和丛林，但那位同志还是逃掉了。这个事件使人民熟悉到当警察到来的时候，反抗会更好，不能只等着让他们抓捕你。
“假如敌人来势汹汹，我们就更顽强地反抗。假如我们示弱，敌人不但不会后退，反而会加强他们的镇压。在政府的第二次血洗行动期间，警察来攻击我们，遭到了群众的顽强反抗，敌人被迫撤退，现在这一地区把握在了我们手中。”
一 位 无 产 阶 级 战 士
29岁的班长Tamil坐在旁边接受采访，我请他给我讲述他的经历，他如何参加了人民战争。尼泊尔90%的人们都是农民，而Tamil的故事向我展示了一些农民是如何在作为无产阶级的经历中找到参加革命的道路的。
“我家里非常贫穷，因此我15岁时就到印度找工作。我在那儿生活了8年，在乡下工作，搜集制做药品的原材料。后来，我来到城里，到一家制造塑料袋的工厂工作。我还给一家钢厂做过保安。我在巧克力工厂和铅笔工厂上过班。工资非常低，每个月大约400卢比（约6美元）。按照法律规定我们天天工作8小时，但实际上我们必须干12个小时。当我们干活超过12个小时的时候，会得到非常少的一点额外报酬。
“1994年，我回到尼泊尔，在那儿生活了1个月。在那期间，我接触了当地党的领导同志，他向我讲了党的情况。但那时候，我还不怎么受到他们的影响，我决定回到印度。这次我在印度生活了5个月。我从事采摘和拉运苹果的工作，当季节结束后，我于1994年回到家中。
“我回来后又拜访了那位党的领导同志，我们谈了很长时间，多次谈到了党。这位领导同志谈到人民是如何地遭受压迫，村子里的高利贷主和其它反动派是如何地剥削人民。他还谈到当年轻人不得不到印度去做工时，他们受到了怎样的剥削。他还谈到我们为什么必须与阶级敌人战斗，创造更加美好的生活。我仔细地想了这一切，深深地受到党的政治思想的影响，也很想知道党的更多发动人民战争的计划。
“1995年，我参加了党的活动，我加入了共青团（青年共产主义小组）。那时候这个地区的阶级斗争十分尖锐，直到人民战争发动的时候，我非常积极地参加了斗争。我参加的第一次行动是攻打当地的一家土豪。由于这次行动我受到指控，被迫转入地下。
“当人民战争发动的时候，我是战斗组的一个成员，参加了对Holeri警察哨所的袭击。在第二计划期间，我成为当时成立的第一班的战士。我参加了1997年对Piuthan Lung警察哨所的袭击，还参加了其它许多次伏击、炸弹袭击和夺取武器的行动。6个月前，我升为班长。”
贾 贾 科 特 的 斗 争
其它几位同志过来谈话，当我们谈话结束时，正是下午中分。我们勿忙辞别，以便尽可能地在白天赶路。我们步行了大约五个半小时的路程，当我们找地方度夜时，天色已是非常黑暗了。
在尼泊尔给生疏人提供食宿是农民的传统。即使他们非常贫穷，他们还是和别人分亨自己的东西。同志们有时会在欢迎并非常兴奋地给毛主义者提供食宿的人家找地方住。但这次情况不同，由于是在有些不太熟悉的地区，同志们决定不暴露我们的政治身份。我们只说我们是旅行者，需要食物和睡觉的地方。
我们敲一家的门，有弟兄两人让我们进了他们的小房子。屋里生着火，我们挤在它四周取暧。晚餐很简单——麦片和干菜——然而我非常饥饿，吃起来香甜多了。我们吃完后，主人给我们送来一些毯子铺在地板上，我们就躺下睡了。
早上5点15分，我们又踏上小路，早上9点30分到达我们的目的地。当我们一到达，冉乔娜，第一个做我助手的女战士就跑出来欢迎我们。看到她我又惊奇又兴奋。然后到屋里，是更多愉快的团聚——负责这个游击区的中心委员、罗尔泊和鲁孔的地委书记、还有其它我上月会见过的同志们都聚集在这儿等着召开最后的总结会。
我还会见了一些党的其它领导同志，包括贾贾科特（西部人民战争非常强大的地区之一）的地委书记。我没有时间访问贾贾科特，它位于鲁孔的东北，所以这个地委书记就赶了好多小时的路程前来向我进述该地区的工作。他说：
“我们地区的主要政治矛盾是人民和执政党——尼泊尔议会（NC）之间的矛盾。随着修正主义的UML（尼泊尔共产党，联合马列主义）和NC（尼泊尔议会）越来越靠近，他们之间的问题就尖锐起来。但NC的支持者越来越受到尼共（毛泽东主义）的影响，在NC、UML和RPP（反动的Rashtriya Prajatantra 党）三个党的内部也有矛盾。
“贾贾科特地区的镇压十分残酷。政府宣称在选举中有50%的人投了票，而实际上大多人投票是被警察逼迫的——人们害怕呀。
“我们地区的主要经济矛盾是高利贷主/骗子和农民之间的。我们地区几乎没有地主，由于人民战争，当地的许多反动派或逃离了村庄，或停止了活动。但政府依然依靠他们的力量镇压人民。他们居住在当地首府里面，但有时候会窜回来给人民制造麻烦。”
这位同志告诉我在贾贾科特，象在Solyan一样，1990年之前党的影响不是那么强大。很多优秀的工作都是1990年之后做的，党和群众组织成长了起来，为1996年人民战争的发动做了预备。政府实行残酷镇压后，许多人害怕起来，不再支持党了。但同志们有能力把这个局面扭转过来。扭转形势的要害就是组织人民有计划地、有效地、强有力地攻击敌人的后方。这位同志描述了革命/反革命/更大的革命三者是如何辩证地转化的：
“1998年3月，人民军队在该地首府组织了一次伏击，杀死一名警察，其它三名警察受重伤。在第2次血洗行动期间，党在Ragda VDC进行了一次炸弹袭击，两名警察在这次袭击中身亡，两名受重伤。在选举期间，一个班攻击了尼泊尔议会（NC）的宣传队，打死1人，打伤2人。在Laha VDC的伏击中打死一名警察，打伤一名。人民军队还采取其它许多较小的行动。从人民战争发动时起，有15名反动派——主要是暗探——被歼灭。
“一些人中还有封建思想，一些人和封建皇室有关系或有联系，并对人民群众产生着影响。还有对神灵、上帝和巫师的宗教思想和信仰。这些思想比鲁孔和罗尔泊地区的更加强大，这造成了一些政治上的困难。大多数人都有一些宗教思想，即使他们并不支持政府。和共产主义的理论相比，人们更轻易接受共产主义在经济上的概念。反动派们对毛泽东主义者发起了宣传攻势，说：‘他们不信仰上帝，他们毁坏庙宇，等等’，人民群众中间，一些人对打破封建关系还有抵制，但渐渐地，人们接受了新事物。
“警察的进攻办法是包围和突袭。在某一天，警察哨所们联合起来对一个单独的村子发起进攻，在另一天他们会对另一个村子采取同样的行动。政府把贾贾科特地区看作是通往遥远的西部地区的门户。这一地区在地形上对人民战争有利，警察们就烧掉森林，用这种方式向革命发起进攻。
“政府的镇压使我们难以找到住处和进行联系，这是一个大问题。一些害怕警察镇压的人离开了，到了印度。假如警察得知谁向毛泽东主义者提供了住处和食物，他们就会逮捕并（或）杀害他们。专职人员的家人不断遭受到警察的骚扰。警察拿走了专职人员田地里的粮食。警察还没收专职人员家人的田地，警告人们说，假如他们在那块地里种庄稼就杀掉他们。专职人员的家人要么背井离乡，要么就更加积极地参加党的工作。很多情况下，年轻人参加了人民战争，老人和孩子就必须离开，到别的地方居住。党正在帮助这些人。但解决这个问题很困难，因为有越来越的人需要这种帮助。假如我们采取更强大的军事行动，制造出权力上的真空地带，人民政权把握在我们的手中，这个问题也就解决了。 ”
向 西 部 地 区 致 以 革 命 敬 礼
今天是我在罗尔泊的最后一天，在西部地区最后的日子里，和领导这儿斗争的同志们在一起，我感到十分愉快。
革命报纸在这儿是“非法的”——被警察逮住携带它们，假如不被当场击毙，也几乎肯定意味着被捕。但还是有同志偷偷地把一些珍贵的报纸带进了这一地区，许多同志就围坐在一起，贪婪地、如饥似渴地阅读、品味着每一页。
有人还带了一小部分人们学习的复印资料。有资产阶级军事教材（主要来自印度，但还有一份来自美国）的读物，还有一些有关中国革命历史的书籍，包括韩素音的《早晨的洪流》（Morning Deluge）和威廉 韩丁的《翻身》（Fanshen）。我很兴奋地看到两本美国毛主义同志们写的书：And Mao Makes Five（中国文化大革命文献和论文集）[注1]和革命共产党主席Bob Avakian写的《假共产主义已经死去......真共产主义万岁》。
我在西部地区（人民战争这场暴风骤雨的核心地区）度过的这些日子，从许多方面来讲都是多么非同平常的经历！在人民战争的前线和这么多人进行交谈，是无与伦比的学习经历。我感到我不仅了解到许多人民战争正在如何发展的基本事实，通过和党员同志们、人民军队和群众一起旅行、生活和交谈，我还能真切地领悟到人民战争。而且在西部地区——对敌人来说最敏感的地区——让我真正体验到了战争环境。
在我们的总结会上，同志们问我在这次旅行中学到了哪些东西。我告诉他们青年、妇女和被压迫民族发挥的重要作用尤其使我深受鼓舞。我谈到烈士们的家属是如何让我真切地感觉到人民群众必胜的力量和信心——即使是面对敌人残酷的镇压。我告诉他们我还熟悉到这场人民战争不仅是对敌人和旧的剥削社会的破坏，还是革命的建设。我看到人民战争是如何在播洒着新社会的种子，人民群众如何与封建传统和封建社会关系决裂，创造着崭新的革命经济和文化。
我还告诉同志们，他们在仅仅短短的三年时间里就如此地发展了人民战争的实践和军事理论，这给我留下了非常深刻的印象。他们从原始的“战斗组”发展为班、排和更大的军事组织。他们从小规模的进攻发展为更加先进的军事袭击和伏击。
我们谈到目前的形势正处于一个非常关健的时期。政府被迫竭尽全力粉碎这场人民战争正是由于革命所取得的进展和成就——尤其是权力真空地区的发展，反动派逃离了那些地区，警察也不敢入内。许多地区，警察哨所正在集中起来，这意味着人民战争将会面临更大规模的警察部队。到目前为止，国家警察是派遣来镇压人民战争的力量。但政府正在讨论派遣尼泊尔军队。
这一切都要求人民军队的军事能力有一个飞跃的发展——在军事编制的大小方面（由排到连）；在采取军事行动的水平方面；在武器的数量和质量方面。我认为在不远的将来，政府会对人民战争采取一些主要的行动，这要求除了党的领导、群众组织有一个大的飞跃之外，人民军队的能力也要有一个大的飞跃。这也使让国际社会了解情况、建立国际间的团结、抗议反动派镇压人民战争的行为等任务变得更为迫切。
当我们离开这最后的一个村庄时，同志们聚集在外面最后为我们送别。这儿的一位中心委员称我的采访是“历史上的第一次”——我是第一位前来亲眼目睹尼泊尔人民战争的兄弟党成员。所有的同志都说我的旅行鼓舞了他们，他们重申我把了解到的情况传达给全世界无产阶级是多么的重要。我们都极为希望我把他们的斗争传达给世界以帮助建立国际上的团结。
中午时分，我们出发了，稍迟的时候到达了村子里的学校，那儿聚集着大约100人。当地村民听说我将要路过那里特来欢迎我。当地党的领导向我表达了离别之意并赠予了礼物。然后我们和所有的人握手——许多人都拿着花环给我们戴在脖子上。
在我们离开罗尔泊/Solyan地区的路上，同志们自豪地指着不远处的一座高高的、尖尖的山顶。那儿过去是政府的Jimpe通讯塔，后来人民军队袭击了它，打伤两名警察，夺取了许多枪枝弹药。当这幕风景之上的太阳开始西下时，我注重到这是一幅多么合适的为我送别的画卷，——那一刻的所见、所听、所感深深地留在了我的记忆中。
离开西部地区是多么难舍的分别呀。我和这儿的同志已变得那么的亲近。我和他们一起爬上爬下，翻越了那么多的高山，坐在一起吃了那么多顿的饭，睡在慷慨的村民家中的泥土地板上，交谈、欢笑、讨论，度过了那么多深夜。当我们最后互致“革命敬礼”时，我为离开这些同志们感到难过。但他们用那么多的方法鼓励我。我感到十分激动，下定决心告诉全世界这儿的人们是如何照亮了世界人民前进的道路。
[注1]：书的全称是：《毛泽东最后的伟大战斗》《And Mao Makes Five:Mao Tsetung's Last Great Battle》，Raymond Lotta （美国革命共产党的一个同志）编辑。辑录了文化大革命1973至1976间的文献。
附：英汉对照
Dispatches: Report from the People's War in Nepal
Part 20:
Red Salute to the West
向西部革命敬礼
By Li Onesto李 奥内斯托
We've been traveling in Rolpa, Rukum and Solyan for almost a month, and now we are heading back to the area where we started this journey in western Nepal. Today we're going through some beautifully terraced land that is greener than many of the other areas we've been in. Much of the time we're walking through a wide valley, so the going is easier--without so much climbing up and down. Along the way, we come across a large stone monument that has been built to the revolutionary martyrs. It has been defaced by the police.
我们已在罗尔泊、鲁孔和Solyan旅行了将近一月，现在我们正返回尼泊尔西部我们这次旅程开始的地方。今天我们穿过一些漂亮的梯形田野，它比我们曾经经历过的许多地区更加苍翠。大部分时间我们在一个宽广的峡谷里散步，走路更为轻易——没那么多的上下攀爬。沿路我们碰到了一块大的石碑，为革命烈士而建的。它的外观已遭到警察的毁坏。
Nearby, some villagers come out to greet us and take us over to see a small hut that now has some special meaning to the people in this village. The police regularly come through this village and harass the people. So some guerrillas came and ped a bench outside this small shack. They told people in the village to stay away from the bench. For about a month, everyone, even the small children knew not to go near the hut.
四周，一些村民前来欢迎我们，并带我们去看一间小棚屋，现在它已对这村的人们有了一些非凡的意义。警察不断来到这村骚扰人民。所以一些游击队员来了，在小棚屋外面的石凳下设置了炸弹。他们告诉村里的人们远离石凳。大约有一个月，每个人，甚至连小孩子都知道不要走近那所棚屋。
Then finally, some police came through and the peasants held their breath, waiting for them to sit down to rest on the bench. The people had hoped that a whole bunch of the police would be hit by the mine when it went off. But unfortunately, they tell me, only two cops were there when one of them eventually sat down on the bench. So only one was killed, the other injured. But the people are proud of this attack on the enemy, and some of the villagers pose in front of the bench for a photo.
终于，一些警察来了，农民们屏住呼吸，等待他们坐在石凳上休息。人们本希望炸弹爆炸时那群混蛋警察都会被击中。但令人失望的是，他们告诉我，当一名警察终于坐到石凳上时，只有两名警察有旁边。所以只有一个被炸死，另一个受了伤。但人们还是为这次对警察的攻击而自豪，一些村民还在石凳前合影留念。
By mid-morning we reach a village in Rolpa where our last mass meeting has been organized. The comrades set up an area outside with red banners on the walls and party leaders, cadre and masses from the surrounding area start gathering in the late afternoon.
大清早我们到达了罗尔泊的一个村庄，在那儿组织了我们的最后一次群众大会。同志们在外面安排一块地方，红色的旗帜插在墙上。来自四周地区党的领导同志，干部和群众傍晚的时候开始往这儿集结。
The local cultural team opens up the program. And, as I watch a young dancer twirl gracefully to the music, I think about all the "welcome" and "farewell" programs that have been organized for me in the last several weeks. I'm sure these meetings have not been easy for the comrades to organize.
当地的文化小组开始了文娱演出。而当我看到一位年轻的舞蹈演员伴着音乐翩翩起舞时，不由得想到这几个星期以来，为我组织的所有“欢迎”和“送别”的文娱演出。我确信，同志们组织这些演出是不轻易的。
Deep in the guerrilla zones, people had to travel in dangerous conditions--sometimes walking for hours in the dark. And all this had taken place during the elections--a most intense period in which the government has flooded this region with thousands of police.
深入游击区，人们经常在非常危险的条件下旅行——有时要在漆黑的夜里连续走上多个小时。这些都发生在选举时期。这是最紧张的时期，政府向这一地区派遣了数万名警察。
Families have come to tell me about loved ones killed by the police--wanting the world to know about the crimes of the enemy. Squad members have come--fresh from encounters with the enemy--anxious to have me record their success in my notebook. Party leaders have spent hours with me, telling in great detail what it means to wage a Maoist People's War--confident that this news will build support in other countries.
烈属们来向我讲述他们的亲人惨遭敌人杀害的故事。他们希望全世界都知道敌人的这些暴行。刚刚从与敌人的遭遇战中归来的战士们急切地想让我把他们的成功故事写在笔记本上。党的领导同志也长时间地和我交谈。很细致地向我讲述发动毛主义人民战争意味着什么——他们深信这些消息将会取得其它国家人民的支持。
Now, at this last program in Rolpa--when it comes time for me to address the crowd--I share, once again, my message of proletarian internationalism on behalf of the oppressed masses in the United States:
现在，在罗尔泊地区最后一次文娱演出的晚会上，当轮到我向群众发表演说时，我再一次代表美国受压迫人民群众向他们传达了共同的无产阶级国际主义精神。
"I am very far from home. But I feel like I have a new home, among so many good comrades, here in Nepal. I am living and traveling in a war zone, where there are many dangers. But I feel very safe with the people's army. I do not speak Nepali. But more importantly, we speak the same revolutionary language of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism--we have the same dreams of a better world."
“我离家乡非常遥远。但我感到象是我又有了一个新家，在尼泊尔这儿，和这么多的好同志在一起。虽然我们生活和旅行于战争地区，有许多的危险，但和人民军队在一起，我感到非常安全。我不会讲尼泊尔语。但更重要的是，我们都讲一种共同的语言：马列毛主义。我们有实现一个更加美好世界的共同梦想。”
The program finishes at 8:30 p.m. and, by this time, everyone is ready to go inside to escape the darkness and cold--and to get a warm meal. Then a bunch of us sit around talking. The comrades I have been traveling with know that my time in the West is coming to an end, and they have a long list of questions they want to ask me before I leave. After weeks of interviewing so many people, tonight it is my turn to answer questions.
演出于晚上8：30结束，到了这个时候，所有的人都想进屋去，离开阴暗严寒的夜气，吃一顿热气腾腾的晚餐。然后，我们一群人就坐在一起谈起话来。陪我一起旅行的同志们知道我在西部地区的旅程就要结束了，在我离开之前，他们有一长串问题想要向我提问。这些星期以来，采访了那么多的人们，今晚该轮到我回答他们的问题了。
The comrades want to know what it's like in the United States. They want to know what kind of mass struggle is going on, and why I think it's possible to make a revolution in such a powerful imperialist country. They also want to talk about the international situation and the prospects for revolution in the world. Once again, it strikes me how much these comrades see the People's War here as part of the worldwide struggle for revolution.
同志们想知道美国的情况是什么样子。他们想知道那儿进行着怎么样的群众斗争，我为什么认为在这样一个强大的帝国主义国家进行革命是可能的。他们还想谈谈国际形势和世界革命的前景。同志们是那么深刻地熟悉到这场人民战争是世界革命斗争的一部分，我再一次被他们的精神感动了。
The next morning there are several hours of interviews lined up for me.
第二天早上，为我安排了几个小时的采访。
One comrade who comes to talk is from a leading area party committee in Rolpa. He recounts a story of how the masses developed their confidence and determination in fighting the enemy:
一位来谈话的同志来自罗尔帕领导地区党委会（a leading area party committee）.他向我讲述了人民群众是如增强战胜敌人的信心和决心的事情。
"During Kilo Sera 2, 77 police came into this village and went door-to-door looking for people. One area committee member and one party member, two brothers, were arrested and tied up with rope. The younger brother got his hands untied and was able to run away. There were many police in the area and six police chased him. The older brother was shot and badly injured by the police, but he managed to escape and he hid in a small cave. The police looked for him all day but couldn't find him. Party cadre knew about the cave, and at night they went to get him and took him to a safe place. The police blocked the paths for two days and searched the village and the jungle but the comrade escaped. This incident made people see that it is better to resist when the police come and not just let them arrest you.
“在第二次血洗行动时期，77名警察来到这个村子，埃门埃户地搜人。一位地区委员和一名党员，他们是兄弟俩，遭到逮捕并被绑了起来。弟弟解开了手上的绳索，成功地跑开了，那个地区有许多警察，6名警察追上了他。大哥哥被枪击中，受了重伤，但他还是逃掉了，藏在一个小小的洞穴里。警察整天都在寻找他，还是没能发现他。党的干部知道那个洞穴，夜里，他们过来找到他，把他带到了安全的地方。警察封锁了两天所有的路口，搜查了整个村庄和丛林，但那位同志还是逃掉了。这个事件使人民熟悉到当警察到来的时候，反抗会更好，不要只让他们抓捕你。
"If the enemy comes viciously, we resist strongly. If we are afraid, the enemy will not retreat, but will increase their repression. During the government's Kilo Sera 2 campaign, the police came to attack us. But the masses resisted strongly, the enemy was forced to retreat, and now the place is in our hands."
“假如敌人来势汹汹，我们就更顽强地反抗。假如我们示弱，敌人就不会后退，而会加强他们的镇压。在政府的第二次血洗行动期间，警察来攻击我们，遭到了群众的顽强反抗，敌人被迫撤退，现在这一地区把握在了我们手中。”
A Proletarian Fighter
一位无产阶级战士
Twenty-nine-year-old squad commander "Tamil" sits down next to be interviewed and I ask him to tell me about his life, how he came to join the People's War. Over 90 percent of the people in Nepal are peasants. But the story Tamil tells me shows how some peasants have found their way into the revolution through their experience as proletarians:
一位29岁的班长“Tamil”坐在旁边接受采访，我请他向我讲述他的经历，他如何参加了人民战争。尼泊尔90%的人们都是农民。而Tamil的故事向我展示了一些农民是如何在作为无产阶级的经历中找到参加革命的道路的。
"My family is very poor, so when I was 15 I went to India to find work. I lived there eight years, working as a laborer in the countryside, collecting raw material for medicine. Later I went to the city and worked in a factory making plastic bags. I also worked in a steel factory as a security guard. And I worked in a chocolate factory and a pencil factory. The wages were very low, about 400 rupees (about $6.00) a month. Legally we were supposed to work only eight hours, but we had to work 12 hours. When we worked more than 12 hours, we were paid very little for the extra hours.
“我家非常贫穷，因此我15岁时就到印度找工作。我在那儿生活了8年，在乡一做工，采集制做药物的原材料。后来，我来到城里，到一家制造塑料袋的工厂做工。我还给一家钢厂做过保安。我在巧克力工厂和铅笔工厂上过班。工资非常低，每个月大约400卢比（约6美元）。按法律规定我们天天工作8小时，但实际上我们必须干12个小时。当我们干活超过12小时时，会得到非常少的一点额外报酬。
"In 1994, I came back to Nepal and lived here one month. During this time I was in contact with the local party leader, who told me about the party. But at the time, I was not that influenced by them and I decided to return to India. I lived in India this time for five months. I worked picking and hauling apples, and then the season was over and I came back home in 1994.
“1994年，我回到尼泊尔，在那儿生活了1个月。在那期间，我接触了当地党的领导人，他向我讲了党的情况。但那时候，我还不怎么受到他们的影响，我决定回到印度。这次我在印度生活了5个月。我以摘运苹果谋生，当季节结束后，我在1994年回了家。
"I visited the same party leader when I returned, and we talked for a long time, many times about the party. The local leader talked about how the people are oppressed and how the usurers and other reactionaries in the village exploit the people. He also talked about how youth are exploited when they have to go to India to work. He talked about how we have to fight against the class enemy to make a better life. I thought about all this and became very influenced by the party's politics and was interested to know more about the party's plans to start a People's War.
“我回来后又拜访了那位党的领导人，我们谈了很长时间，多次谈到了党。这位领导同志谈到人民是如何地遭受压迫，村子里的高利贷主和其它反动派是如何地剥削人民。他还谈到当年轻人不得不到印度去做工时，他们受到了怎样的剥削。他还谈到我们为什么必须与阶级敌人战斗，创造更加美好的生活。我仔细地想了这一切，很受党的政治纲领的影响，也很想知道更多党发动人民战争的计划。
"I got involved in the party's activities and in 1995, I joined the YCL (the Young Communist League). This was a time of sharp class struggle in this area, leading up to the initiation, and I was very actively involved. The first action I was involved in was an attack on a local exploiter. I was charged with a case from this action and was forced to go underground.
“1995年，我参加了党的活动，我加入了共青团（青年共产主义小组）。那时候这个地区的阶级斗争十分尖锐，直至人民战争的发动，我非常积极地参加了斗争。我参加的第一次行动是攻打当地的一个土豪。由于这次行动我受到指控，被迫转入地下。
"At the time of the initiation, I was a member of a fighter group and was involved in the raid on the Holeri police post. Then in the Second Plan, I became a member of the first squad that was formed. I took part in the raid on the Piuthan Lung police post in 1997 and many other ambushes, mining actions and arms seizures. Six months ago I became a squad commander."
“当人民战争发动的时候，我是战斗组的一个成员，参加了对Holeri警察哨所的袭击。在第二计划期间，我成为那时成立的第一班的战士。我参加了1997年对Piuthan Lung警察哨所的袭击，还参加了其它许多伏击、炸弹袭击和夺取武器的行动。6个月前，我升为班长。”
The Struggle in Jarjarkot
贾贾科特的斗争
Several other people come by to talk and, by the time we are done, it is mid-afternoon and we are in a hurry to leave so we can travel in as much daylight as possible. We walk for about five and a half hours, and by the time we start looking for some place to stay for the night, it is very dark.
其它几位同志过来谈话，当我们谈话结束时，已正是下午了。我们勿忙辞别，以便尽可能地在白天赶路。我们步行了大约五个半小时的路程，当我们找个地方度夜时，天色已是非常黑暗了。
In Nepal there is a tradition among the peasants to give strangers food and shelter. Even if they are very poor, the peasants share what they have. The comrades sometimes will find a shelter where the people will welcome and gladly give food and a place to sleep to Maoists. But in this case, the comrades decide not to reveal our politics since we are in somewhat unfamiliar territory. We just say we are travelers who need some food and a place to sleep.
在尼泊尔给生疏人提供食宿是农民的传统。即使他们非常贫穷，农民还是和别人分亨他们的东西。同志们有时会在欢迎并乐意给毛主义者提供食宿的人家找地方住。但这次情况不同，由于是在有些不太熟悉的地区，同志们决定不暴露我们的政治身份。我们只说我们的是旅行者，需要食物和睡觉的地方。
We knock on one door and two brothers let us into their small house. There is a fire going, and we huddle around it to get warm. The meal is simple--wheat porridge and dried vegetables--but I'm very hungry and the meal tastes very good. After we eat, our hosts give us a few blankets to spread out on the floor and we lie down to sleep.
我们敲一家的门，有弟兄两人让我们进了他们的小家。屋里生着火，我们挤在四周取暧。晚餐很简单，麦片和干菜——然而我非常饥饿，晚餐吃起来香多了。我们吃完后，主人给我们送来一些毯子捕在地板上，我们就躺下睡了。
We are back on the trail again by 5:15 a.m. and reach our destination by 9:30 a.m. When we first arrive, Rauchana, the squad member who was the first woman comrade to be my aide, comes out to greet us. I am very surprised and happy to see her. Then inside, there are more nice reunions. The Central Committee comrade in charge of this guerrilla zone, the District Committee Secretaries of Rolpa and Rukum, and other comrades whom I have met with over the last month have gathered here for a final evaluation meeting.
早上5点15分，我们又踏上小路，早上9点30分到达我们的目的地。当我们一到达，冉乔娜，第一个做我助手的女战士就走出来欢迎我们。看到她我又惊奇又兴奋。然后到屋里，是更多愉快地团聚——负责这个游击区的中心委员、罗尔泊和鲁孔的地委书记、还有其它我上个月会见过的同志们都聚集在这儿等待着这最后的评估会（evaluation meeting）。
Some other party leaders have also come to be interviewed, including the District Committee Secretary of Jarjarkot--one of the districts here in the west where the People's War is very strong. I didn't have time to visit Jarjarkot, which is northeast of Rukum, so the DCS has traveled many hours to come tell me about the work in his district. He says:
还会见了一些党的其它领导人，包括贾贾科特（西部人民战争非常强大的地区之一）的地委书记。我没有时间访问贾贾科特，它位于鲁孔的东北，所以这个地委书记就走了好多小时的路前来向我进述该地区的工作。他说：
"The main political contradiction in our district is between the people and the ruling party, the Nepali Congress (NC). And with the revisionist UML (Communist Party of Nepal, United Marxist-Leninist) becoming closer to the NC, things are also sharpening up with them. But supporters of NC are becoming attracted to the CPN (Maoist), and there are inner-party contradictions within the NC, UML and RPP (the reactionary Rashtriya Prajatantra Party).
“我们地区的主要政治矛盾是人民和执政党——尼泊尔议会（NC）之间的矛盾。随着修正主义的UML（尼泊尔共产党，联合马列主义）和NC越来越靠近，他们之间的问题就尖锐起来。但NC的支持者越来越被尼共（毛泽东主义）所吸引，在NC、UML和RPP（反动的Rashtriya Prajatantra 党）党内也有矛盾。
"There has been vicious oppression in Jarjarkot. The government claims 50 percent voted in the elections but in reality much of the votes were forced by the police--people were afraid.
“贾贾科特地区存在着残酷着镇压。政府宣称在选举中有50%的投了票，而实际上大多人投票是被警察逼的——人们害怕呀。
"The main economic contradiction in our district is between big usurers/cheaters and the people. There are hardly any landlords in our district, and because of the People's War, many of the local reactionaries have left the villages or become inactive. But the government still uses these forces against the people. They live in district headquarters but sometimes return to cause trouble for the people. The government is also using new forces--police come into the village and try to force people to act as spies. The party has been able to stop some of these people through struggle or with threats. We take action against those who don't stop working for the enemy."
“我们地区的主要经济矛盾是高利贷主/骗子和农民之间的。我们地区几乎没有地主，由于人民战争，当地的许多反动派或逃离了村庄，或停止反动活动。但政府依然依靠他们的力量镇压人民。他们居住在当地首府里，但有时就回来给人民制造麻烦。”
The comrade tells me that in Jarjarkot, as in Solyan, the influence of the party was not very strong before 1990. A lot of good work was done after 1990, and the party and mass organizations grew, leading up to 1996, when the People's War started. After the government responded with vicious repression, many people became afraid and stopped supporting the party. But the comrades were able to reverse this. One of the key things in turning the situation around was organizing the people to hit back at the enemy in a well-planned, effective and strong way. The comrade describes some of how this revolution/counter-revolution /more revolution dialectic has gone:
这位同志告诉我在贾贾科特，象在Solyan一样，1990年之前党的影响不是那么强大。很多优秀的工作都是1990年之后做的，党和群众组织成长起来，直到1996年（leading up to 1996）人民战争发动的时候。政府实行残酷的镇压后，许多人害怕起来，不再支持党了。但同志们有能力把这个局面扭转过来。扭转形势的要害就是组织人民有计划地、有效地、强有力地攻击敌人的后方。这位同志描述了革命/反革命/更大的革命三者是如何辩证地转化的：
"In March 1998, there was an ambush by the people's army in district headquarters. One police was killed and three other police seriously injured. During Kilo Sera 2, in Ragda VDC the people's army did a mining ambush in which two police were killed and two were seriously injured. During an election, a squad attacked a NC propaganda team and killed one and injured two. In an ambush in Laha VDC, one police was killed and one was injured. There have been many other smaller actions by the people's army. Since the initiation 15 reactionaries --mainly spies--have been annihilated.
“1998年3月，人民军队在省会（district headquarters）组织了一次伏击。一个警察被杀，其它三名警察受重伤。在第2次血洗行动期间，党在Ragda VDC进行了一次炸弹袭击，两名警察在这次袭击中身亡，两名受重伤。在选举期间，一个班攻击了尼泊尔议会（NC）的宣传队，打死1人，打伤2人。在Laha VDC的伏击中一名警察被杀，一名受伤。人民军队还采取其它许多较小的行动。从人民战争发动时起，有15名反动派——主要是暗探——被歼灭。
"There is feudalistic thinking among some people, and some people are related to or have ties to the Royal Palace and have influence on the masses. There is also some religious thinking and belief in spirits and gods and witches. This kind of thinking is stronger here than in Rukum and Rolpa, and this creates some political difficulties. Most people have some religious thinking, even if they don't support the government. People accept the economic concept of communism easier than the ideology of communism. And the reactionaries wage propaganda against Maoists, saying, `They don't believe in god, they destroy temples, etc.' Among the masses, there is some resistance to breaking feudal traditions, but gradually people are accepting new things.
“一些人中还有封建思想，一些人和封建皇室有关系或有联系，并对人民群众产生着影响。还有对神灵、上帝和巫师的宗教思想和信仰。这些思想比鲁孔和罗尔泊地区更加强大，这造成了一些政治上的困难。大多数人都有一些宗教思想，即使他们并不支持政府。和共产主义的理论相比，人们更轻易接受共产主义在经济上的概念。反动派们对毛主义者发起了宣传攻势，说：‘他们不信仰上帝，他们毁坏庙宇，等等’，人民群众中间，一些人对打破封建关系还有抵制，但渐渐地，人们接受了新事物。
"The method of attack by the police is to encircle and surprise. On one day police posts combine to attack a particular village, and then on another day they will do the same to another village. The government sees Jarjarkot as a doorway to the far western part of the country. This area is geographically favorable to the People's War and the police are burning the forests here as a way to attack the revolution.
“警察的进攻办法是包围和突袭。在某一天，警所们联合起来对一个单独的村子发起进攻，在另一天他们会对另一个村子采取同样的行动。政府把贾贾科特地区看作是通往遥远的西部地区的门户。这一地区在地形上对人民战争有利，警察们就烧掉森林，以这种方式向革命发起进攻。
"The government repression has affected our ability to get shelter and our communications and this is a big problem. Some people who have been afraid of police repression have left and gone to India. If the police know about people who give Maoists shelter and food, they will arrest and/or kill them. The families of full-timers are constantly harassed by the police. The police capture food grains from the farms of full-timers.Police also confiscate the land of families and tell the people they will be killed if they farm on the land. Then the family has to either leave or become more involved in the party. Many times, the young people join the People's War while the old people and children have to leave and live somewhere else. The party is helping some of these people. But it is hard to solve this problem because there are more and more of these type of people that need support. If we wage strong military actions and create a power vacuum, this problem will be solved with people's power in our hands."
政府的镇压使我们难以找到住处和进行联系，这是一个大问题。一些害怕警察镇压的人离开了，到了印度。假如警察得知谁向毛主义者提供了住处和食物，他们就会逮捕并（或）杀害他们。专职人员的家人不断地受到警察的骚扰。警察拿走了专职人员田地里的粮食。警察还没收专职人员家人的田地，警告人们说，假如他们在那块地里种庄稼就杀掉他们。家人要么背井离乡，要么和党的关系更加密切。很多情况下，年轻人参加了人民战争，老人和孩子就必须离开到别的地方居住。党正在帮助这些人。但解决这个问题很困难，因为有越来越的人需要这种帮助。假如我们采取更强大的军事行动，制造出权力上的真空地带，人民政权把握在我们的手中，这个问题也就解决了。
Lal Salaam to the West
向西部地区致以革命敬礼
Today is my last day in Rolpa, and I'm happy to spend my last days in the west with comrades who are leading the struggle here.
今天是我在罗尔泊的最后一天，在西部地区最后的日子里，和领导这儿斗争的同志们在一起，我感到很兴奋。
Revolutionary newspapers are "illegal" here--to be caught by the police with them would almost certainly mean being arrested, if not shot on the spot. But someone has managed to smuggle some precious copies into this area, and many of the comrades have been sitting around, eagerly devouring and savoring each page.
革命报纸在这儿是“非法的”——被警察逮住携带它们，假如不被当场击毙，也几乎肯定意味着被捕。但还是有同志偷偷地把一些珍贵的报纸带进了这一地区，许多同志就围坐在一起、贪婪地、如饥似渴地阅读、品味着每一页。
Someone has also brought a small collection of xeroxes that people have been studying. There are readings from bourgeois military books (mainly from India, but also one from the U.S.). There are also several books on the history of the Chinese revolution, including Han Suyin's Morning Deluge and William Hinton's Fanshen. And I am happy to see two books from the Maoist comrades in the United States--And Mao Makes Five (a collection of documents and articles from the Cultural Revolution in China) and Phony Communism is Dead...Long Live Real Communism" by RCP Chairman Bob Avakian.
有人还带了一小部分人们学习的复印资料。这里有资产阶级军事教材（主要来自印度，但还有一份来自美国）的读物，还有一些有关中国革命历史的书籍，包括韩素音的《早晨的洪流》（Morning Deluge）和威廉 韩丁的《翻身》（Fanshen）。我很兴奋地看到两本美国毛主义同志们写的书：And Mao Makes Five（中国文化革命文献和论文集）[注1]和革命共产党主席Bob Avakian写的《假共产主义已经死去......真共产主义万岁》。
My time here in the west--the eye of this storm of People's War--has been quite an experience in so many ways. It has been a tremendous learning experience talking to so many people on the frontlines of the People's War here. I feel like I have not only learned a lot of basic facts about how the People's War is advancing--but I have also been able to get a real sense of the People's War--by traveling, living, and talking with the party comrades, the people's army and masses. And being in the west--the most sensitive area in terms of the enemy--has given me a taste of war conditions.
我在西部地区（人民战争这场暴风骤雨的核心地区）度过的这些日子，从许多方面来讲都是多么非同平常的经历！在人民战争的前线和这么多人进行交谈，是无与伦比的学习经历。我感到我不仅了解到许多人民战争正在如何发展的基本事实，通过和党员同志们、人民军队和群众一起旅行、生活和交谈，我还能真切地领悟到人民战争。而且在西部地区——对敌人来说最敏感的地区——让我真正体验到了战争环境。
In our evaluation meeting, the comrades ask me what I have learned on this trip. I tell them how I have been particularly inspired by the role of the youth, women, and the oppressed nationalities. I talk about how the families of martyrs have given me a real sense of the strength and determination of the masses to win--even in the face of vicious repression. And I tell them that I have learned that this People's War is not only about destruction of the enemy and the old exploitative society--but also about revolutionary construction. I have seen how the People's War is developing the seeds of a new society; how the masses are breaking with feudal traditions and social relations and creating a new revolutionary economy and culture.
在我们的总结会上，同志们问我在这次旅行中学到了哪些东西。我告诉他们青年、妇女和被压迫民族发挥的重要作用尤其使我深受鼓舞。我谈到烈士们的家属是如何让我真切地感觉到人民群众必胜的力量和信心——即使是面对敌人残酷的镇压。我告诉他们我还熟悉到这场人民战争不仅是对敌人和旧的剥削社会的破坏，还是革命的建设。我看到人民战争是如何在播洒着新社会的种子，人民群众如何与封建传统和封建社会关系决裂，创造着崭新的革命经济和文化。
I also tell the comrades that I have been very impressed with how much they have advanced the military theory and practice of waging this People's War--in just a short period of only three years. They have gone from primitive "fighter groups" to squads, platoons and larger task forces. They have developed from small attacks to more developed military raids and ambushes.
我还告诉同志们，他们在仅仅短短的三年时间里就如此地发展了人民战争的实践和军事理论，这给我留下了非常深刻的印象。他们从原始的“战斗组”发展为班、排和更大的军事组织。他们从小规模的进攻发展为更加先进的军事袭击和伏击。
We talk about how the situation is at a very critical point right now. The government is compelled to step up their efforts to crush the People's War, exactly because of all the advances and achievements by the revolution--especially the development of power vacuums in areas where the reactionaries have fled and the police are afraid to come in. The police posts are being centralized in many areas, which will mean that the People's War will be confronted with very large groups of police. So far, the national police have been the ones sent against the People's War, but there has been talk in the government about sending in the Nepali army.
我们谈到目前的形势正处于一个非常关健的时期。政府被迫竭尽全力粉碎这场人民战争正是由于革命所取得的进展和成就——尤其是权力真空地区的发展，反动派逃离了那些地区，警察也不敢入内。许多地区，警察哨所正在集中起来，这意味着人民战争将会面临更大规模的警察部队。到目前为止，国家警察是派遣来镇压人民战争的力量。但政府正在讨论派遣尼泊尔军队。
All this will require a leap in the military capacity of the people's army--in the size of military groups (from platoons to companies); in the level of military actions; and in the quantity and quality of weapons. I think that in the near future there will be some major moves by the government against the People's War--and this will require a big leap in the capacity of the people's army as well as the whole party leadership, mass organizations, etc. This will also make it more urgent for there to be international awareness of the situation and the building of international solidarity and protests against the reactionary moves against the People's War.
这一切都要求人民军队的军事能力有一个飞跃的发展——在军事编制的大小方面（由排到连）；在采取军事行动的水平方面；在武器的数量和质量方面。我认为在不远的将来，政府会对人民战争采取一些主要的行动，这要求除了党的领导、群众组织有一个大的飞跃之外，人民军队的能力也要有一个大的飞跃。这也使让国际社会了解情况、建立国际间的团结、抗议反动派镇压人民战争的行为等方面的任务变得更为迫切。
Before we leave this last village, the comrades gather outside for a final farewell. One of the Central Committee members here refers to my visit as a "historic first"--I am the first visitor from a fraternal revolutionary movement to come and witness the People's War in Nepal first hand. All the comrades say my trip has inspired them, and they reiterate how important it is now for me to take what I have learned and make it known to the international proletariat. They have great hopes that I will tell the world about their struggle and help build international solidarity.
当我们离开这最后的一个村子时，同志们聚集在外面最后送别我们。这儿的一位中心委员称我的采访是“历史上的第一次”——我是第一位前来亲眼目睹尼泊尔人民战争的兄弟党成员。所有的同志都说我的旅行鼓舞了他们，他们重申我把了解到的情况传达给全世界无产阶级是多么的重要。我们都极为希望我把他们的斗争传达给世界以帮助建立国际上的团结。
We leave at noon and, a bit later, arrive at the village school where about 100 people have gathered. The local villagers heard that we were going to come through here on our way out and they want to greet me. The local party leader presents me with some farewell words and gifts. Then we shake hands with everyone--many have brought garlands of flowers to put around our necks.
中午时分，我们出发了，稍迟些时候到达了村子里学校，那儿聚集着大约100人。当地村民听说我将要路过那里特来欢迎我。当地党的领导向我表达了离别之意并赠予了礼物。然后我们和所有的人握手——许多人都拿着给我们戴的花环。
On our way out of the Rolpa/Solyan districts, the comrades proudly point to a tall, pointed mountain peak, not too far away. It is where the government's Jimpe Communications Tower used to be--before the people's army raided it, injuring two police and seizing a number of rifles and ammunition. As the sun begins its descent over this scene, I note this as a fitting image for my exit and mark the sight, sound and feel of this moment in my memory.
在我们离开罗尔泊/Solyan地区的路上，同志们自豪地指着不远处的一座高高的、尖尖的山顶。那儿过去是政府的Jimpe通讯塔，后来人民军队袭击了它，打伤两名警察，夺取了许多枪枝弹药。当这幕风景中的太阳开始西下时，我注重到这是一幅多么合适的为我送别的画卷，那一刻的所见、所听、所感深深地留在了我的记忆中。
Leaving the west is such an intense parting. I have grown so close to the comrades here. I have gone up and down so many mountains with them, sat down together for so many meals, shared sleeping space on clay floors, so graciously given to us by peasants, talked, laughed and discussed, late, into so many nights. When we say our final "lal salaams" I feel sad to be leaving these comrades. But they have strengthened me in so many ways. And I feel excited in my determination to tell the world about how the comrades here are shining a bright light on the road forward for the masses of people around the world.
离开西部地区是多么难舍的分别呀。我和这儿的同志已变得那么的亲近。我和他们一起爬上爬下，翻越了那么多的高山，坐在一起吃了那么多么次的饭，睡在慷慨的村民为我们提供的泥土地板上、交谈、欢笑、讨论，度过了那么多深夜。当我们最后互致“革命敬礼”时，我为离开这些同志们感到难过。但他们用那么多的方法给我鼓劲。我决定告诉全世界这儿的人们是如何照亮了世界人民前进的道路，并为之感到激动。