马列毛主义，还是修正主义 ?
普拉昌达同志
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通过对社会发展的科学研究，马克思主义以无可争辩的事实证实随着社会主义的建立和巩固，共产主义的发展将会在历史上最后一个革命阶级——无产阶级的残酷无情的激烈的阶级斗争过程中结束当代资本主义。科学社会主义的这一思想为工人阶级的斗争提供了不可战胜的强大武器。对这一思想的探索和在实践中的应用动摇了资产阶级的天堂。马克思主义的探索和无产阶级的斗争是同资产阶级及其走狗和各种形式的非无产阶级顷向的生死博斗。资产阶级及其走狗总是激烈地企图通过从内外两方面对无产阶级的运动实施许许多多的阴谋、破坏、镇压和干涉以根除马克思主义，拯救其掠夺人民的天堂。他们数千次地公布马克思主
义已经“过时了”，证实无用了，灭无产阶级的志气。但每次他们这样公布之后，世界历史的事实是马克思主义和无产阶级运动更加强大、为更多人理解、更加广泛，给他们以当头一棒。马克思主义发展到列宁主义和毛泽东主义就是具体的证据。
当马列毛主义大体在世界上取得胜利时，资本主义和帝国主义分子被迫支持马克思主义，虽然不是诚心诚意的，同时出卖无产阶级和被压迫人民。在这个背景下，列宁说历史的辩证法就是这样，马克思主义的胜利迫使敌人也戴上马克思主义的面具，这是发人深省的。列宁以充分的证据证实随着帝国主义的发展，修正主义打破了国家的界限，变得具有世界性了。今天，帝国主义夺取了建立在数百万工人牺牲基础上的社会主义制度的领导权并对其进行扭曲，他们再次宣称马克思主义失败了，并弹冠相庆。但历史事实和动摇世界的世界范围内的斗争星火以及世界范围内的经济危机证实他们的庆祝就象是一个垂死者的回光反照而已。帝国主义用来证实马克思主义已经过时的事实根据正好证实马可克思主义是不可战胜的。历史又一次把粉碎当代修正主义制造的混乱这一历史重任放在了无产阶级战斗者的肩上，并激励他们朝着世界范围内的胜利前进。为此，做好向被压迫人民揭露修正主义和帝国主义、暴露其真面目、使人民明白真相的主观预备对革命的马克思主义者来说具有第一重要的意义。
什么是修正主义？事实上，就是对同无产阶级阶级斗争事业利益相一致的马克思主义进行“修正”，使之符合非无产阶级的利益，这就是修正主义。在当代社会，修正主义需要的产生有其阶级基础。在某一特定地区，非无产阶级的数量尤其是小资产阶级的数量越多，社会基础对修正主义就越有利。实际上修正主义就是渗透到工人运动中的资本主义和帝国主义。因此，任何以何种借口削弱反对修正主义斗争的企图本身就是修正主义。要在这篇短文中对修正主义和革命的马克思主义者反对修正主义的斗争进行广泛的分析是不可能的。这里只试图对革命的马克思主义者的几个具体问题，和修正主义的表现方式进行简短的阐明。
1、阶级斗争
马克思主义的一个主要的科学发现就是承认阶级斗争是历史的一个推动力量。大家可以看到，所有的马克思主义者，从马克思、恩格斯到列宁、斯大林、毛泽东都把阶级斗争的事业作为他们一生斗争和世界观的线索。在这个背景下，马克思、恩格斯在大约四十年前说，他们一直强调无产阶级和资产阶级之间的斗争，把它视为历史的推动力量，尤其是当代社会革命的组织力量；因此，任何想把阶级斗争从这场运动中排除出去的人们都是不可救药的。
类似的，列宁说，关健是阶级斗争理论。同样地，毛泽东也非常强调把阶级斗争作为要害。
修正主义的主要特征之一就是以各种各样的借口放弃、削弱、模糊阶级斗争。 正如列宁所说，在政治领域，修正主义企图修正马克思主义的基础或修正阶级斗争。过去，第二国际的叛徒考茨基以技术和武器的巨大发展为由拒绝阶级斗争。类似的，赫鲁晓夫和戈尔巴乔夫以世界形势的变化为借口，公布和平过渡、和平共存、和平竞赛，实行法西斯独裁统治以取代无产阶级专政。在中国，邓集团公布阶级斗争已经结束，采用资产阶级的经济原则，并实行法西斯独裁统治。 因而，很明显，修正主义者以各种各样的借口拒绝或削弱阶级斗争，在阶级合作的旗号下实行资产阶级独裁统治。在我国，包括被称为联合马列的Jhapa集团在内的几个修正主义组织支持同样的赫鲁晓夫、戈尔巴乔夫和邓小平路线，削弱阶级斗争。
这样，修正主义以各种各样的借口如：不断强调和平合法的运动，参与村务委员会制度，误导人民，推迟未来的武装斗争等等削弱阶级斗争，强调团结、合作与资产阶级和各种反动派及腐败分子交往密切。
2、党
什么是共产党，它应当是什么样子？革命的马克思主义者如马克思、恩格斯、列宁、斯
大林和毛泽东把它看作无产阶级的战斗的、有纪律和阶级觉悟的先锋队，并依此进行实践。革命的马克思主义者一直强调这样的党应当用政治理论武装起来，并对各种非无产阶级倾向和特征进行斗争。 在这样的背景下，马克思和恩格斯说：假如不同阶级的人想要参加无产阶级的运动，首要的条件是他们必须放弃资产阶级和小资产阶级的世界观，欣然并真诚地接受无产阶级的世界观。 他们接着说：假如党的领导权以这种或那种方式落在了这种人的手中，党就直接失去了生气，它的无产阶级精神就会崩溃。列宁发起了布尔什维主义运动，对党内机会主义者（他们制造种种障碍，反对把党建成战斗的有纪律的无产阶级先锋队）进行了无情的、不妥协的生死斗争。
修正主义者甚至同各种各样的非无产阶级成分进行合作，他们强调把党建成一个松散、泛滥的党，这样将导致党不能再作为无产阶级领导者的角色而发挥作用。在这样的背景下，赫鲁晓夫－戈尔巴乔夫的全民党的理论就十分显著。修正主义企图把党变成一个由没有理想并自私自利的分子组成的团体。 通过这样的手段，他们一方面出卖了无产阶级的利益，另一方面，一些狡猾的领导人误导人民，使之成为实现他们即得个人利益的工具。由于这些修正主义分子在议会中需要更多的群众和投票者的支持，他们有意或无意地出卖原则以维护党的“统一”，而革命的马克思主义者为了保卫原则，总是预备着许多次的分裂。然而，这并不意味着分裂就是正确的，而只是为了同出卖无产阶级利益的修正主义进行不妥协的斗争并反抗他们，假如有必要的话，分裂是完全正确的。列宁在这个问题上的观点值得认真思考。他说，在全世界，尤其是在资产阶级民主革命时期，假如不通过激烈的斗争，同资产阶级同路人进行几次分裂，没有一个社会民主党能够维护下来。
值得注重的一个事实是革命的马克思主义者非常重视同各种各样的非无产阶级倾向进行激烈的斗争使党成为无产阶级的先锋队，而修正主义者则强调把党发展为各种各样非无产阶级倾向共存的讲坛。革命的马克思主义者把两条路线斗争斗争视为党发展的动力和生命力的源泉，而修正主义者则通过放弃原则的妥协，一时平息这一问题，把党变为没有生气和活力的乌合之众。革命的马克思主义者辩证地看待问题使党获得发展，而修正主义者则坚持形而上学的观点。因此，革命的马克思主义者为无产阶级的事业服务，而修正主义者则为资本主义和帝国主义分子服务。
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism or Revisionism?
- Com. Prachanda
Through scientific research of social development, Marxism proved with irrefutable facts that the development of communism with establishment and consolidation of socialism shall end up modern capitalism in the process of ruthless and fierce struggle of the last and revolutionary class of history, the proletarian class. This thought of scientific socialism equipped the struggle of working class with an invincible powerful weapon. The research and its practical application shook the heaven of the capitalist class. The research of Marxism and struggle of working class have been a struggle of life and death against capitalist class and its stooges and various forms and non-proletarian class tendency. The capitalist class and its stooges have been vehemently attempting to save their paradise of plunder by making many conspiracy, sabotage, repression and intervention against proletarian class movement from inside and outside in order to uproot Marxism. They have been declaring thousands of time to disappoint the revolutionary proletarian class that Marxism has been ‘old’ and proved to be useless. But after every time they do it, this is a fact of the world's history that Marxism and proletarian class movement get more powerful, illuminating and extensive and strike their heads. The development of Marxism into Leninism and Maoism is its concrete evidence.
When Marxism-Leninism-Maoism turned victories the world over in principle, the capitalist and imperialist elements were compelled to support Marxism, though not sincerely, and betray the proletarian class and oppressed people. In this context, Lenin's statement that the dialectics of history is such that the ideological victory of Marxism compels the enemies to put on a mask of Marxism is quite ponderable. Lenin had proved with adequate proof that revisionism together with the development of imperialism breaks the national circle and turns international. Today the imperialism has captured the leadership of socialist system built by the sacrifice of millions of workers and distorted it and they have once again declared that Marxism has turned unsuccessful and are celebrating. But their celebration is, however, like a self-satisfaction of a man on death bed and it's being proved by the facts of history and worldwide sparkle of struggle, which can shake the world and worldwide economic crisis. The very facts on what is based the imperialist declaration that Marxism has been old have proved it irrefutable. The history has once again laid the responsibility on the shoulder of proletarian fighters to cut into pieces the webs of confusion of modern revisionists and been inspiring them to advance on the worldwide victory campaign. For this, it has been a task of primary significance for the revolutionary Marxist as a subjective preparation to expose revisionism and imperialism and show its real face, to the oppressed people and make them understand the reality.
What is revisionism? In fact, to make reforms in Marxism, which is unified with the cause of class struggle of proletariat and mould it to suit the non-proletarian interest is revisionism. The need of revisionism comes out of its class base in the modern society. The greater the number of non-proletarian, particularly petty bourgeois class in a particular place, the more propitious base there for revisionism. Indeed revisionism is capitalism and imperialism that have penetrated into the workers movement. Therefore, any attempt to weaken the struggle against revisionism under any pretext is revisionism in itself. It is impossible to present a wide analysis of revisionism and the struggle the revolutionary Marxists have been waging against it in this brief article. Here an attempt is made to briefly identify certain issues of revolutionary Marxism and the ways revisionism is manifested.
1. Class Struggle
One of the major scientific inventions of Marxism is to accept the role of class struggle as a driving force of history. All revolutionary Marxists from Marx, Engels say: to Lenin, Stalin and Mao are seen to have taken the cause of class struggle as a sequence of their activities and outlook. In this context, Marx-Engel say for about 40 years, we have been emphasizing on class struggle between capitalist class and proletarian class as a driving force of history, particularly as a great organizer of the modern social revolution; therefore, it's impossible to help the people who want to pull out the class struggle from the movement. Similarly Lenin says, the key to find out rule of law in this illus comment and endlessness. The key is the theory of class struggle. In the same way, Mao has greatly stressed on considering the class struggle as key.
One of the major features of revisionism is to give up, weaken or blunt the class struggle under various pretexts. As Lenin says in the field of politics revisionism, attempts to make reforms at foundations of Marxism or class struggle. In the past, the renegade Kautsky of Second International had rejected class struggle citing the fear of massive growth of technology and arms. Similarly, Khruschov and Gorbachov, under the pretext of changed world situation, have been applying fascist dictatorship in the place of proletarian dictatorship, pronouncing peaceful transition, peaceful coexistence and peaceful competition. In China, the Deng clique has declared that the class struggle has ended, has applied capitalist economic principles and been running fascist dictatorship. Thus it is evident universally that revisionists reject or weaken the class struggle under various pretexts and apply bourgeois dictatorship under the banner of class coordination. In our country also, several revisionist groups including the Jhapa clique that is called UML have been supporting the same Khruschov, Gorbachov and Deng cliques and weakening the class struggle. Here revisionism has been weakening the class struggle in various ways such as continuous emphasis on peaceful and legal movements, entering into Panchayat system* and misleading the people, postponing the militant struggle for the future, stress on unity, coalition and company with bourgeois and various reactionary and corrupt elements.
2. Party
What is a Communist Party and how it should be? Revolutionary Marxists like Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Mao are found to have viewed it as a militant, disciplined and class conscious vanguard of the proletariat and practiced accordingly. Revolutionary Marxism has been always stressing the fact that this kind of Party should be run by carrying out ideological political and practical struggle against all sorts of non-proletarian tendencies and characters. In this context, Marx-Engels say: if people of different class desire to join the proletarian movement, the very first condition for them should be that they do not come with bourgeois and petty bourgeois biases with them but that they assimilate proletarian outlook heartily and sincerely. They continue: but if the leadership of the Party goes into hands of these kinds of people in this or that way, the Party gets sterilized directly and its proletarian spirit collapses. Lenin has formulated an extensive, deep and concrete theory on the Party of the proletariat. Lenin launched Bolshevism by unleashing a ruthless, uncompromising and life and death struggle against the opportunists inside his own Party, who created hurdles in founding the Party as militant and disciplined vanguard of the proletarian class. Mao had always given emphasis on building a Communist Party based on revolutionary working style guided by Marxist- Leninist principle and line.
Revisionists are found to be emphasizing on building a loose and broad party by means of coalition with even non-proletarian elements of various types, which ends the role of the Party as a leader of proletarian class. In this context, Khruschov- Gorbachov's theory of the Party of the entire people is noteworthy. Revisionism attempts to develop the Party into a crowd of ideology less and selfish elements. By doing so, they are on the one hand, betraying against the cause of proletariat and on the other, some cunning leaders misguide the people and make them ladders for fulfilling their vested personal interests. As these revisionist elements need larger crowds or voters for the parliament, they carelessly trade on their principle not to let the so-called Party split, whereas the revolutionary Marxists are always prepared for split many times, if needed for the defense of principle. However, it does not mean that split is right but fighting unflinchingly against the elements, who betray the cause of proletariat and rebel against them, if necessary, is absolutely correct. Lenin's view in this regard should be taken seriously. In the world, no social democratic party has been ever maintained, particularly during the period of bourgeois revolution, without any fierce struggle and several splits with bourgeois fellow travellers.
What is to be noted is the fact that revolutionary Marxists attach great importance to fierce struggle against all kinds of non-proletarian tendencies in order to develop the Party as a vanguard of the proletariat whereas revisionists emphasize to develop it as a common platform of various non-proletarian tendencies. Revolutionary Marxists consider the two-line struggle of the Party as its dynamism of it and source of life-blood whereas revisionists temporarily settle it through non-ideological compromise and develop the Party as a motionless and lifeless crowd. The revolutionary Marxists hold dialectical outlook in regard to the development of the Party whereas revisionists do hold the metaphysical view. Thus, the revolutionary Marxists serve the cause of proletarian class whereas revisionists serve that of capitalist and imperialist elements.